Grade K

• Students say aloud ‘gathering words, rhyming words, and rhyming phrases’.
  • Lessons are focused on contructing words by learning the sounds of letters that make up words, transitioning from gathering to constructing words.
  • Students begin to acquire skills that will allow them to sound out unfamiliar words and, eventually lessen dependence on picture cues.
• Trace letters and words
  • Students learn 800 vocabulary words (cumulative)
  • Students are introduced to nouns, verbs, and adjectives
  • Introduce word types that make up basic elements of simple sentences.
  • Prepare students to graduate from the word gathering and constructing exercises to word
  connecting and arranging.
  • Students are introduced to fundamental tools to build sentences
• Students say aloud sentences in multisyllabic words.
  • Consonant Combinations
  • Changing letter sounds
  • Word combinations become more advanced as students work with vowels, the “soft” c and g sounds

Grade 1

• Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
  • Print all upper- and lowercase letters.
  • Use common, proper, and possessive nouns and in own writing.
  • Identify common and proper nouns
  • Use singular and plural nouns with matching verbs in basic sentences (e.g., He hops; We hop ).
  • Use personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns (e.g., I , me , my ; they , them , their ; anyone , everything) everything ).
  Use personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns orally and in own writings

• Use verbs to convey a sense of past, present, and future (e.g., Yesterday I walked home ; Today I walk home ; Tomorrow I will walk home ).
  • Use regular present-, past-, and/or future-tense verbs correctly orally and in own writing
  • Use frequently occurring adjectives.
  • Use adjectives orally and in own writing.
  • Use frequently occurring conjunctions (e.g., and , but , or , so ,because ).
  Use frequently occurring conjunctions (e.g., and , but , or , so , because) orally and in own writing.
• Punctuation
• Capitalize dates and names of people.
• Use end punctuation for sentences.
• Identify and use end punctuation, including periods, question marks, and exclamation points in writing
• Use commas in dates and to separate single words in a series
• Use conventional spelling for words with common spelling patterns and for frequently occurring irregular words.
• Spell and write one-syllable words using the letter-sound correspondences taught in Grade 1.
• Spell and write high-frequency tricky words.
• Spell untaught words phonetically, drawing on phonemic awareness and spelling conventions.
• Write phonemically plausible spellings for words that cannot be spelled correctly with current code knowledge, e.g., write bote for boat , sum for some , hunee for honey , etc.
• Reading Standards: Ask and answer questions about key details in a text.
• Ask and answer questions (e.g., who , what , where , when ), orally or in writing, requiring literal recall and understanding of the details, and/or facts of a fiction read-aloud s s s
• Answer questions that require making interpretations, judgments, or giving opinions about what is heard in a fiction read-aloud, including answering why questions that require recognizing cause/effect relationships
• Ask and answer questions (e.g., who , what , where , when ), orally or in writing, requiring literal recall and understanding of the details, and/or facts of a fiction text read independently s s s s s s
• Retell stories, including key details, and demonstrate understanding of their central message or lesson.
• Retell fiction read-alouds including key details, and demonstrate understanding of the central message or lesson.
Recount fiction read-alouds, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, identifying the
• Describe characters, settings, and major events in a story, using key details.
• Use narrative language to describe (orally or in writing) characters, setting, things, events, actions, a scene, or facts from a fiction read-aloud
• Use narrative language to describe characters, setting, things, events, actions, a scene, or facts from a fiction text that has been read independently

Grade 2

• 1.1 Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.
• 1.2 Answer questions that require making interpretations, judgments, or giving opinions about what is heard in a fiction read-aloud, including answering why questions that require recognizing cause/effect relationships
• 2.1 Recount stories, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, and determine their central message, lesson, or moral.
• 2.2 Describe how characters in a fiction text that has been read independently respond to major events and challenges
• 3 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
  • Use collective nouns (e.g., group)
  • Form and use frequently occurring irregular plural nouns (e.g., feet, children, teeth, mice, fish).
  • Form and irregular plural nouns orally and in own writing
  • Use reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, ourselves).
• 4. Use adjectives and adverbs, and choose between them depending on what is to be
• 5. Identify the main purpose of a nonfiction/informational read-aloud, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describes Identify the main purpose of a nonfiction/informational text read independently.
• 6.1 Determine the meaning of words and phrases in a text relevant to a Grade 2 topic or subject area.
• 6.2 Determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases in nonfiction/informational read-alouds and discussions.
• 6.3 Determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases in nonfiction/informational texts read independently
• 7.1 Know and use various text features (e.g., captions, bold print, subheadings, glossaries, indexes, electronic menus, icons) to locate key facts or information in a text efficiently.
• 7.2 Identify and use text features (e.g., captions, bold print, subheadings, glossaries, indexes, electronic menus, icons) to locate key facts or information in a nonfiction/informational
• 8.1 Identify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe.
• 8.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
• 8.3 Capitalize holidays, product names, and geographic names.
• 9.1 Use commas in greetings and closings of letters.
• 9.2 Use an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives
• 9.3 Generalize learned spelling patterns when writing words (e.g., cage → badge; boy → boil).
• 9.4 Consult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings. Consult the Individual Code Chart and simple dictionaries to check spelling

Grade 3

• Reading comprehension
  • Identify story elements
  • Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales
  • Identify the author’s purpose: mixed media
  • Use key details to determine the main idea
  • Read about animals
  • Identify sensory details
• Vocabulary
  • Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  • Use context to identify the meaning of a word
• Writing
  • Choose topic sentences for narrative paragraphs
  • Choose the best transition
  • Organize information by main idea
  • Revise the sentence using a stronger verb
• Grammar
  • Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  • Identify common and proper nouns
  • Is the sentence simple or compound?
  • Identify coordinating conjunctions
  • Create varied sentences based on models
  • Form compound words
  • Capitalizing the names of people and pets and titles of respect
  • Capitalizing the names of places and geographic features
  • Greetings and closings of letters
  • Capitalizing the names of people and pets and titles of respect
  • Capitalizing titles
  • Commas: review
  • Contractions with “not”
  • Form the singular or plural possessive
  • Form and use the regular past tense
  • Use regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies

Grade 4

• Conventions of Standard English
  • Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
  • Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why).
  • Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that.
  • Use relative adverbs
  • Use the progressive verb tenses.
  • Use modal auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, must) to convey various conditions)
  • What does the modal verb show?
  • Order adjectives within sentences according to conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag rather than a red small bag).
  • Form and use prepositional phrases. Identify prepositions Identify prepositions and their objects Identify prepositional phrases
  • Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons.
  • . Identify the complete subject of a sentence.
  • Identify the complete predicate of a sentence.
  • Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on? (4-JJ.7)
  • Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their).
  • Homophones.
• Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
  • Use correct capitalization.
  • Capitalizing the names of people and pets and titles of respect (4-VV.1) Capitalizing days, months, and holidays, places, geographic features, historical events, periods, documents, proper adjectives, nationalities, and languages. Capitalizing the names of places and geographic features (4-VV.3)
• Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
  • Punctuating dialogue Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence. Use coordinating conjunctions Create compound sentences
• Vocabulary: Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed.
  • Word pattern analogies
  • Word pattern sentences
  • Form compound words
  • Use the correct homophone
  • Use guide words
  • Form regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies
  • Use regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies
  • Form regular plurals with -s, -es, -ies, and -ves
  • Use regular plurals with -s, -es, -ies, and -ves
  • Form and use irregular plurals
  • Form the singular or plural possessive
  • Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
  • Form and use the regular past tense
  • Form and use the irregular past tense
  • Pronoun-verb contractions
  • Contractions with “not”

Grade 5

• Writing strategies
  • Organizing writing
  • Put the sentences in order
  • Use coordinating conjunctions
  • Choose the best transition
  • Order items from most general to most specific
  • Organize information by main idea
  • Remove the sentence that does not belong Introductions and conclusions
  • Organize information by main idea
  • Choose the best topic sentence
  • Choose the best concluding sentence
• Sentence variety
  • Create varied sentences based on models
• Editing and revising
  • Use the correct frequently confused word
  • Correct errors with frequently confused words
  • Correct errors with signs
• Research skills
  • Identify and correct plagiarism Vocabulary
• Prefixes and suffixes
  • Words with pre-
  • Words with re-
  • Words with sub-
  • Words with mis-
  • Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non-
  • Words with -ful
  • Words with -less
  • Words with -able and -ible
  • Sort words with shared prefixes and suffixes by meaning
  • Sort words with shared suffixes by part of speech
  • Word pattern analogies
  • Word pattern sentences
• Word Roots Greek and Latin roots
  • Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots
  • Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  • Use the meanings of words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  • Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  • Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  • Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
  • Match words with Greek and Latin roots to their meanings
• Synonyms , Antonyms, Analogies, and Homophones
  • Choose the synonym
  • Find synonyms in context
  • Choose the antonym
  • Find antonyms in context
  • Analogies
  • Homophones
  • Multiple-meaning words with pictures
• Idioms and Adages
  • Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 1
  • Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 1
  • Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 2
  • Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 2
• Grammar and mechanics
  Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  • Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
  • Identify the complete subject or complete predicate of a sentence
  • Identify the simple subject or predicate of a sentence
  • Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  • Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
  • Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
  • Identify dependent and independent clauses
  • Is the sentence simple or compound?
  • Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?
  • Create compound sentences
  • Order the words to create a sentence
• Nouns
  • Identify nouns – with abstract nouns
  • Identify common and proper nouns
  • Form plurals of nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y
  • Form and use plurals of nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y
  • Form plurals: review
  • Form and use plurals: review
  • Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
  • Form the singular or plural possessive
  • Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
• Pronouns
  • Identify personal pronouns
  • Choose between subject and object personal pronouns
  • Replace the noun with a personal pronoun
  • Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
  • Compound subjects and objects with personal pronouns
  • Use possessive pronouns
  • Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
  • Use reflexive pronouns
  • Identify relative pronouns
  • Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  • Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
• Verb types
  • Identify main verbs and helping verbs
  • What does the modal verb show?
  • Use the correct modal verb
• Subject-verb agreement
  • Use the correct subject or verb
  • Use the correct subject or verb – with compound subjects
• Verb tense
  • Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?
  • Form and use the regular past tense
  • Form and use the irregular past tense
  • Form and use the simple past, present, and future tense
  • Correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
  • Use the progressive verb tenses
  • Form the progressive verb tenses
  • Choose between the past tense and past participle
  • Use the perfect verb tenses
  • Form the perfect verb tenses
• Adjectives and adverbs
  • Identify adjectives
  • Order adjectives
  • Identify adverbs
  • Use relative adverbs
  • Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  • Is the word an adjective or adverb?
  • Use adjectives to compare
  • Spell adjectives that compare
  • Use adjectives with more and most
  • Use adverbs to compare
• Prepositions
  • Identify prepositions
  • Identify prepositions and their objects
  • Identify prepositional phrases
  • Prepositions: review
• Conjunctions
  • Identify coordinating conjunctions
  • Identify subordinating conjunctions
  • Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions
  • Fill in the missing correlative conjunction
• Contractions
  • Pronoun-verb contractions
  • Contractions with “not”
• Commas
  • Commas with a series
  • Commas with dates and places
  • Commas with direct addresses
  • Commas with introductory elements
  • Commas with compound and complex sentences
  • Commas: review
• Capitalization
  • Correct capitalization errors
  • Capitalizing titles
• Formatting
  • Formatting titles
  • Formatting and capitalizing titles
  • Formatting street addresses
  • Punctuating dialogue
• Abbreviations
  • Abbreviate days of the week and months of the year
  • Abbreviate people’s titles
  • Abbreviate units of measurement
  • Abbreviate street names and state names

Grade 6

1. Writing
   1. Organizing writing
      • Order topics from broadest to narrowest
      • Organize information by main idea
      • Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
   2. Developing and supporting arguments
      • Distinguish facts from opinions
      • Choose evidence to support a claim
      • Identify supporting details in informational texts
      • Identify supporting details in literary texts
      • Identify counterclaims
      • Classify logical fallacies
   3. Creative techniques
      • Use personification
      • Create varied sentences based on models
   4. Editing and revising
      • Use the correct frequently confused word
      • Correct errors with frequently confused words
      • Correct errors with signs
      • Correct errors in everyday use
      • Suggest appropriate revisions
   5. Research skills
      • Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th edition)
      • Use in-text citations (MLA 8th edition)
      • Identify and correct plagiarism
2. Vocabulary
   1. Prefixes and suffixes
      • Words with pre-
      • Words with re-
      • Words with sub-
      • Words with mis-
      • Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non-
      • Words with -ful
      • Words with -less
      • Words with -able and -ible
   2. Greek and Latin roots
      • Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
      • Use the meanings of words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
      • Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
      • Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
      • Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
   3. Synonyms and antonyms
      • Choose the synonym
      • Find synonyms in context
      • Choose the antonym
      • Find antonyms in context
   4. Homophones
      • Use the correct homophone
      • Which definition matches the sentence?
      • Which sentence matches the definition?
   5. Idioms and adages
      • Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 1
      • Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 1
      • Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 2
      • Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 2
   6. Word choice and usage
      • Describe the difference between related words
      • Positive and negative connotation
   7. Analogies
      • Analogies
      • Analogies: challenge
3. Reference skills
   1. Alphabetical order
   2. Use guide words
   3. Use dictionary entries
   4. Use dictionary definitions
   5. Use thesaurus entries
4. Grammar and mechanics
   1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
      • Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
      • Identify the complete subject or complete predicate of a sentence
      • Identify the simple subject or simple predicate of a sentence
      • Identify the compound subject or compound predicate of a sentence
      • Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
      • Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
      • Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
      • Identify dependent and independent clauses
      • Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?
   2. Nouns
      • Identify common and proper nouns
      • Form plurals of nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y
      • Form and use plurals of nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y
      • Form plurals: review
      • Form and use plurals: review
      • Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
      • Form the singular or plural possessive
      • Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
   3. Pronouns and antecedents
      • Identify pronouns and their antecedents
      • Use the pronoun that agrees with the antecedent
      • Identify vague pronoun references
      • Identify all of the possible antecedents
      • Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
   4. Pronoun types
      • Choose between subject and object pronouns
      • Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
      • Compound subjects and objects with pronouns
      • Use possessive pronouns
      • Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
      • Use reflexive pronouns
      • Is the pronoun reflexive or intensive?
      • Identify relative pronouns
      • Use relative pronouns: who and whom
      • Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
   5. Verb types
      • Identify main verbs and helping verbs
      • Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
      • Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns
      • What does the modal verb show?
      • Use the correct modal verb
   6. Subject-verb agreement
      • Use the correct subject or verb
      • Use the correct verb – with compound subjects
   7. Verb tense
      • Irregular past tense: review
      • Simple past, present, and future tense: review
      • Correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
      • Use the progressive verb tenses
      • Form the progressive verb tenses
      • Choose between the past tense and past participle
      • Use the perfect verb tenses
      • Form the perfect verb tenses
   8. Adjectives and adverbs
      • Identify adjectives
      • Order adjectives
      • Identify adverbs
      • Use relative adverbs
      • Choose between adjectives and adverbs
      • Is the word an adjective or adverb?
      • Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
      • Good, better, best, bad, worse, and worst
      • Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
      • Well, better, best, badly, worse, and worst
   9. Prepositions
      • Identify prepositions
      • Identify prepositions and their objects
      • Identify prepositional phrases
      • Prepositions: review
   10. Direct and indirect objects
       • Is it a direct object or an indirect object?
   11. Conjunctions
       • Use coordinating conjunctions
       • Identify coordinating conjunctions
       • Identify subordinating conjunctions
       • Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions
       • Fill in the missing correlative conjunction
   12. Contractions
       • Pronoun-verb contractions
       • Contractions with “not”
   13. Punctuation
       • Commas with series, dates, and places
       • Commas with compound and complex sentences
       • Commas with direct addresses, introductory words, interjections, and interrupters
       • Commas with coordinate adjectives
       • Commas: review
       • What does the punctuation suggest?
       • Commas with nonrestrictive elements
       • Use dashes
   14. Capitalization
       • Correct capitalization errors
       • Capitalizing titles
   15. Formatting
       • Formatting titles
       • Formatting and capitalizing titles: review
       • Formatting street addresses
       • Formatting quotations and dialogue